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The most common translation for the (1–20). Focus: Alchemy, medicine, and the search for immortality.

Elias rubbed his eyes. The university library’s only physical copy was checked out, seemingly indefinitely, by a tenured professor who was currently on sabbatical in the Alps.

Because the Baopuzi is divided into two distinct sections—the "Inner Chapters" ( Neipian ) and "Outer Chapters" ( Waipian )—translations are often split between these two areas.

The text is divided into two distinct sections:

His research often features extensive translations and analysis of Ge Hong’s works, focusing on the cultural context of transcendence in the Eastern Jin period. Key Themes