Electrical Machines And Drives A Space Vector Theory Approach Monographs In Electrical And Electronic Engineering Full [verified] -

Space-vector theory represents three-phase quantities (voltages, currents, and flux linkages) as a single complex number

9.1 Need for sensorless control 9.2 Model reference adaptive system (MRAS) 9.3 Sliding-mode observers in space vector form 9.4 Extended Kalman filter for speed estimation 9.5 Signal injection methods for zero/low speed

changed this by redefining how we visualize the machine.

7.1 Principles of rotor flux orientation 7.2 Direct FOC (with flux sensors/estimators) 7.3 Indirect FOC (slip frequency control) 7.4 PI controller tuning in dq frame 7.5 Anti-windup and saturation handling