The decline of the universal empire concept, the Western Schism, and the emergence of early humanism and late medieval spirituality.
The three centuries in question defy simple characterization. The 13th century was an age of Gothic cathedrals, the rise of universities, and the great scholastic synthesis of Thomas Aquinas. Yet, by the early 14th century, Europe entered a period of cascading disasters: the Great Famine (1315–1317), the Hundred Years’ War (1337–1453), and the Black Death (1347–1351), which killed up to half of Europe’s population. historia medieval ii siglos xiiixv pdf better
: You can find digital previews or purchase options via Google Books and academic retailers like Librería Sanz y Torres . Top Digital Resources & Summaries The decline of the universal empire concept, the
This era birthed the Cortes in Spain and the Magna Carta legacy in England. Yet, by the early 14th century, Europe entered
: The text includes the Byzantine and Russian world , the Mongol expansion (Genghis Khan), and the rise of the Ottoman Empire. Recommended PDF Resources
El siglo XV vio el surgimiento de las naciones-estado modernas, como Francia, España y Portugal. La invención de la imprenta por Johannes Gutenberg en 1450 revolucionó la comunicación y la difusión del conocimiento.
High-quality maps showing the shifting borders of the Mediterranean.