Cook's book directly challenges the monolingual orthodoxy. He argues that the ban on translation was not based on scientific evidence, but on commercial and political interests. 1. Translation is a Natural Human Activity

recommended for a particular level of student, such as beginners or advanced learners?

Methods like the Direct Method relied on the flawed logic that an L2 should be learned "naturally," exactly like an L1, ignoring the existing linguistic knowledge adult learners already possess. Core Arguments for Reassessment Translation in language teaching and learning