: Economic limitations remain a primary driver, with junior high students facing a higher dropout risk (8 per 1,000) than elementary students.
Sources:
Walking through the traditional markets of Pati like Pasar Banyumanik or along Jalan Kolonel Sugiyono, one often sees anak SMP in uniform, smoking kretek behind stalls. Despite bylaws prohibiting cigarette sales to minors, the warung (small shops) look the other way. Smoking has become a pseudo-rite of passage, a visual marker of "maturity" among male students. video mesum anak smp pati 5